Edward Lawrie Tatum (December 14, 1909 – November 5, 1975) was an American geneticist. He shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958 with George Beadle for showing that control individual steps in metabolism. The other half of that year's award went to Joshua Lederberg.
Education
Edward Lawrie Tatum was born on December 14, 1909, in Boulder, Colorado
to Arthur L. Tatum and Mabel Webb Tatum. Arthur L. Tatum was a chemistry professor, who by 1925 was a professor of pharmacology at the University of Wisconsin at Madison.
Edward Lawrie Tatum attended college at the University of Chicago for two years,
Career
Starting in 1937, Tatum worked at Stanford University, where he began his collaboration with Beadle. He then moved to
Yale University in 1945 where he mentored Lederberg. He returned to Stanford in 1948 and then joined the faculty of Rockefeller Institute in 1957.
He remained there until his death on November 5, 1975, in New York City. A heavy
cigarette smoker, Tatum died of
heart failure complicated by chronic
emphysema.
His last wife Elsie Bergland died in 1998.
Research
Tatum and Beadle carried out pioneering studies of biochemical mutations in Neurospora, published in 1941. Their work provided a prototype of the investigation of gene action
and a new and effective experimental methodology for the analysis of mutations in biochemical pathways.
Beadle and Tatum's key experiments involved exposing the bread mold
Neurospora crassa to
x-rays, causing
. In a series of experiments, they showed that these mutations caused changes in specific
involved in metabolic pathways. This led them to propose a direct link between
and enzymatic reactions, known as the "one gene, one enzyme" hypothesis.
Tatum spent his career studying biosynthetic pathways and the genetics of bacterium. An active area of research in his laboratory was to understand the basis of Tryptophan biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Tatum and his student Joshua Lederberg showed that E. coli could share genetic information through recombination.
Awards and honors
-
1959, Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
-
1958, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with George Beadle and Joshua Lederberg) for showing that control individual steps in metabolism.
-
1957, Member, American Philosophical Society,
-
1952, Member, United States National Academy of Sciences,
